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Best easy-to-learn Handwritten Study Notes of Pathology for University or College exams.

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1. General Pathology

Cell Injury and Adaptation
- Types of cell injury
- Mechanisms of cell injury
- Cellular adaptations (hypertrophy, hyperplasia, atrophy, metaplasia)
- Necrosis and apoptosis
Inflammation and Repair
- Acute and chronic inflammation
- Cellular and vascular events in inflammation
- Chemical mediators of inflammation
- Tissue repair and wound healing
Hemodynamic Disorders
- Edema, hyperemia, congestion
- Thrombosis, embolism
- Infarction, shock
Immune System Disorders
- Hypersensitivity reactions
- Autoimmune diseases
- Immunodeficiency disorders
Neoplasia
- Characteristics of benign and malignant tumors
- Carcinogenesis and tumor progression
- Tumor markers
- Grading and staging of tumors
Genetic Disorders
- Chromosomal abnormalities
- Mendelian disorders
- Multifactorial inheritance
Environmental Pathology
- Effects of radiation, chemicals, and toxins
- Nutritional disorders

2. Systemic Pathology

Cardiovascular System
- Atherosclerosis
- Hypertension
- Myocardial infarction
- Rheumatic heart disease
Respiratory System
- Pneumonia
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- Tuberculosis
- Lung cancer
Gastrointestinal System
- Peptic ulcer disease
- Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
- Hepatitis and cirrhosis
- GI cancers
Hematopathology
- Anemia (types and causes)
- Leukemia and lymphoma
- Bleeding disorders
Renal System
- Glomerulonephritis
- Acute and chronic renal failure
- Nephrotic and nephritic syndrome
Endocrine System
- Diabetes mellitus
- Thyroid disorders
- Adrenal gland disorders
Nervous System
- Neurodegenerative diseases
- CNS infections
- Brain tumors
Reproductive System
- Breast pathology (benign and malignant)
- Uterine and ovarian disorders
- Testicular pathology
Musculoskeletal System
- Bone tumors
- Osteoporosis
- Rheumatoid arthritis

3. Clinical Pathology

Laboratory Techniques
- Hematological investigations (CBC, blood smear)
- Biochemical investigations (liver and kidney function tests)
- Urine analysis
Cytopathology
- Pap smear
- FNAC (Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology)
Histopathology
- Tissue processing
- Staining techniques
Microbiology
- Basic microbiological techniques
- Identification of pathogens

4. Practical and Applied Pathology