MBBS Handwritten Notes of Pharmacology For Your University Exams

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1. General Pharmacology

• Introduction to Pharmacology
  • Definitions: Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics
  • Sources of drugs
  • Routes of drug administration
• Pharmacokinetics
  • Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME)
  • Bioavailability, volume of distribution, clearance, and half-life
  • Factors affecting drug action
• Pharmacodynamics
  • Mechanisms of drug action
  • Receptor types and signal transduction
  • Dose-response relationships (graded and quantal)
  • Therapeutic index and drug safety
• Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR)
  • Types: Type A (predictable), Type B (unpredictable)
  • Drug interactions: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions

2. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Pharmacology

• Sympathomimetics and Sympatholytics
  • Adrenergic agonists and antagonists
  • Drugs affecting adrenergic neurotransmission
• Parasympathomimetics and Parasympatholytics
  • Cholinergic agonists and antagonists
  • Drugs affecting cholinergic neurotransmission
• Autonomic Ganglia and Neuromuscular Junction
  • Ganglion blockers
  • Neuromuscular blocking agents

3. Central Nervous System (CNS) Pharmacology

• Sedatives and Hypnotics
  • Benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and newer agents
• Antiepileptics
  • Drugs for generalized and focal seizures
• Antipsychotics and Antidepressants
  • Typical and atypical antipsychotics
  • SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs, and MAO inhibitors
• Analgesics
  • Opioid and non-opioid analgesics
  • NSAIDs and COX inhibitors
• General and Local Anesthetics
  • Inhalational and intravenous anesthetics
  • Local anesthetic agents
• Drugs for Neurodegenerative Disorders
  • Parkinson’s disease: Levodopa, dopamine agonists
  • Alzheimer’s disease: Cholinesterase inhibitors

4. Cardiovascular System (CVS) Pharmacology

• Antihypertensive Drugs
  • Diuretics, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors
• Antianginal Drugs
  • Nitrates, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers
• Drugs for Heart Failure
  • Digitalis, diuretics, vasodilators, beta-blockers
• Antiarrhythmic Drugs
  • Vaughan-Williams classification
• Drugs for Dyslipidemia
  • Statins, fibrates, bile acid sequestrants

5. Respiratory System Pharmacology

• Bronchodilators
  • Beta-agonists, anticholinergics, methylxanthines
• Anti-inflammatory Agents
  • Corticosteroids, leukotriene antagonists
• Cough Suppressants and Expectorants

6. Endocrine Pharmacology

• Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus
  • Insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents
• Thyroid and Antithyroid Drugs
  • Thyroxine, carbimazole, propylthiouracil
• Corticosteroids
  • Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids
• Reproductive Hormones
  • Estrogens, progestins, androgens
  • Drugs for contraception and infertility

7. Chemotherapy

• Antimicrobial Agents
  • Antibiotics: Penicillins, cephalosporins, tetracyclines, macrolides
  • Antiviral agents: Acyclovir, oseltamivir
  • Antifungal agents: Amphotericin B, azoles
  • Antiparasitic agents: Antimalarials, anthelmintics
• Anticancer Drugs
  • Cytotoxic agents, targeted therapies, immunotherapies
• Drugs for Tuberculosis, Leprosy, and HIV

8. Gastrointestinal (GI) Pharmacology

• Drugs for Acid-Peptic Disorders
  • Antacids, H2 blockers, proton pump inhibitors
• Drugs for Diarrhea and Constipation
  • Antidiarrheals, laxatives
• Drugs for Nausea and Vomiting
  • Antiemetics: 5-HT3 antagonists, dopamine antagonists

9. Hematology Pharmacology

• Anticoagulants and Antiplatelet Drugs
  • Heparin, warfarin, aspirin, clopidogrel
• Drugs for Anemia
  • Iron, folic acid, vitamin B12
  • Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents
• Thrombolytics
  • Streptokinase, alteplase

10. Miscellaneous

• Drugs for Rheumatologic Disorders
  • DMARDs, biologics
• Drugs for Obesity
  • Appetite suppressants, lipase inhibitors
• Drugs for Poisoning
  • Antidotes for common poisons
• Essential Medicines
  • WHO essential drug list and rational drug use

11. Experimental Pharmacology

• Animal Models for Drug Testing
• Bioassays
• Clinical Trials
  • Phases of drug development
  • Good clinical practice (GCP) guidelines